Love and Sacrifice in Literature - 2318 Words

The concepts of love and sacrifice are closely related and feature consistently throughout literature. To study the relationship between these ideas in more depth I have selected a range of texts over an extensive time period, these include Romeo and Juliet by Sir William Shakespeare, Titanic by James Cameron, Saint Joan by Bernard Shaw and Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson. The different eras that these texts explore will be instrumental in establishing the type of connection the two concepts hold in literature. The type of love and sacrifice varies however the underlying message is the same right through the texts, that humans in the right context will make sacrifices for love. How this is portrayed in the texts also differs yet†¦show more content†¦The prejudice from both Hatsue’s mother who tells her, â€Å"white men would desire Hatsue and seek to destroy her virginity† and society as a whole makes the idea of their love a fairytale. Ishmael however is not accepting of this and sacrifices his life as a young man to cling to a love that can only exist in the past. It is the context that forces the decision to let go or hang on to this wishful thinking however unlike the other texts Ishmael’s love is unrequited and therefore his sacrifice is hollow. He later makes a more admirable sacrifice as he exonerates Hatsue’s husband, forfeiting his love out of his love for her. The sacrifices in the other texts are forced from the pressures of society and are a final act of rebellion for their love. To Romeo and Juliet their end is inevitable and rather than end apart they die together for each other, in Romeo’s final words he triumphs over fate, â€Å"Then I defy you, stars!† This speaks for all the texts as they make sacrifices for their love despite the restrictions of their context. The time periods that each text is set in varies and it is therefore interesting to note that this does not change the fundamentals, we are prepared to make sacrifices for love. All the characters were forced by restrictions of the time to make difficult decisions and in these cases they were willing to give their lives, either physically or emotionally, for their love. It shows the extremity of love, that it is worth more to these literaryShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesStewart 1 Christy Stewart English 102 B18 Fiction Essay The short story has been an intricate part of literature going back as far as it’s actual â€Å"writing down† was invented. Perhaps two of the most intriguing and somewhat tragic short stories is that of D.H. Lawrence’s, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† and Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery†. With the classic theme of â€Å"luck† and what that means in each story, we see two very different meanings as these two stories unfold. 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No matter what the circumstance, if a person can unselfishly give of themselves for another, they can experience life in a whole new way. Many people give what is not important to them andRead MoreLoving Sacrifices Illustrated in Victor Hugo’s Novel, Les Misà ©rables796 Words   |  4 Pagesdo anything for those they love, no matter what the cost. In literature, this act of sacrifice is often exaggerated and glorified. Almost every novel contains some example of sacrifice, a giving up of something dear and precious without thought of material repayment. Victor Hugo’s novel, Les Misà ©rables, is no exception. It is, in fact, full to overflowing of sacrifice between its different characters. 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Two people who are truly in love will always be willing to sacrifice something for each other in return for nothing but the other individual’s love, and if they are now willing to do that, they are not meant to be. Love has bee n around forever, it is a human instinctRead MoreI Completely Seduced ] Is A Free Form Poem1223 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween reader and speaker by indulging in the aspects and theme of a mother’s unconditional love. Through literary elements and a strong globally experienced theme, Di Brandt creates a powerfully raw message about the effects of being a mother and raising a child. Background: Di Brandt is a mother of two daughters. While raising the girls, she attended graduate school to further her education in literature; going on to become a professor at Brandon University in Manitoba. Throughout her classes, BrandtRead MoreA Woman of Different Ideas Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe man’s permission. The sacrifice a person makes depends on personal circumstances. In â€Å"A Doll’s House† several of the characters make sacrifices for their own reasons. Nora makes a self-sacrifice when she takes out a loan behind her husband’s back. Although she does this behind Torvald’s back, it is to save his life. She must keep her secret because she knows Torvald would never accept the fact that she is the one who saved his life. Mrs. Linde abandons her true love, which turns out to be KrogstadRead MoreThe Significance Of Character Names In The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1587 Words   |  7 Pages In a short story that was written by Shirley Jackson, The Lottery, is a short literature that discussed an annual lottery draw that took place in a small New England town. In the literature, Jackson presented the event that took place in the small town very summer time of the year, in which one random villager get chosen and to be stoned to death by the people in the vill age. As Jackson stated in her short literature, the lottery has been practiced in the small village for over seventy years byRead MoreHamlets Love for Ophelia1231 Words   |  5 PagesIntro to Literature Drama Paper Hamlet’s Love   Ã‚      In the tragic play  Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, one of the most common themes found throughout the story’s plot is the theme of love. Shakespeare interlaces many layers of thematic love through the complex relationships of  Hamlet; primarily between Hamlet and Ophelia. From Act one until the final scene of the play, Hamlet struggles with the decision to kill Claudius while he concurrently tries to comprehend the chaos surrounding

Analysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Two Lives Of The...

Joseph Conrad is a master of the English language and human thought alike, his written work serving as living evidence of how well Conrad’s mind allowed him to construct such powerful imagery and word play from a language that he had not fully grasped himself until he was an older man. Originating in Polish Ukraine, Conrad was born in 1857 as a young man who dreamed much further than those living in his society, to leave his village to become a sailor and see all parts of the world. His family was very against this idea, as he would likely never be welcomed back to his home country. Leo Gurko discusses in the second chapter of his book, The Two Lives of Joseph Conrad, that his family was very regularly trying to talk Conrad out of being a sailor, as the country was in need of young working men and it would have been a betrayal to leave for his own interests, yet it did not stop his ambitions. This only drove him further towards the man he would one day become, Marlowe. Conradà ¢â‚¬â„¢s extensive knowledge of language is a large part of what allowed him to be able to travel, his understanding of French was essential for working alongside the Belgians in the Congo( Gurko 71). His love for Shakespeare, which had been introduced to him at eight years old by his father (Lynn Alexander), would lead him to study and understand the English language. His experience in the Congo along with his obsession of the English language built the base for what would be later transformed into his aShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTwentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of ColdRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesUnited States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods forRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Northeastern University Essay Example For Students

Northeastern University Essay When looking for colleges, I selected ones that I fell will give me my ideal learning environment. I chose Northeastern University as a school to continue my education because it provides a sense of comfort. Located in the city where I spent all my life, I am in a familiar place. Having lived here so long, I still have a lot to experience in Boston. This is why I hope to stay in a city that is like home and still has some sense of excitement to it. This is not the only criterion for me choosing Northeastern University; there are also other qualities that is contains. The first of these qualities is having an enormous number of programs to choose from. I have already decided to major in computer science, but I am in doubt if this is the right choice. I want to experience a bit of everything to be absolutely sure about the path I chose to follow. I can chose from anything that interests me, from marketing to psychology. This can be accomplished only if the college that I attend has a wide range of studies. At Northeastern, I can take multiple majors in computer sciences, business, and architecture. Along with the Co-op program, I can be better prepared for the career I am about to enter. The second quality is having diversity among the student body. Being able to travel the around the world is a life long dream of mine. By attending a school with a diverse community will be the first steps to achieving this goal. I could also have a chance to study abroad, which would allow me to experience the entirety of a culture. This alone draws me to this school. Northeastern, having all the traits described above, is the school I feel suits me the best.

Logical Positism And The Vienna Circle Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Moritz Schlick and A.J. Ayer were both logical rationalists, and members of the Vienna Circle. They had differing yet homocentric positions on the foundations of cognition, and they both shared the quest for truth and certainty. Moritz Schlick believed the all of import efforts at set uping a theory of cognition grow out of the uncertainty of the certainty of human cognition. This job originates in the want for absolute certainty. A really of import thought is the construct of # 8220 ; protocol statements # 8221 ; , which are # 8220 ; # 8230 ; statements which express the facts with absolute simpleness, without any molding, change, or add-on, in whose amplification every scientific discipline consists, and which precede all knowing, every judgement sing the world. # 8221 ; ( 1 ) It makes no sense to talk of unsure facts, merely averments and our cognition can be unsure. If we win hence in showing the natural facts in protocol statements without any taint, these appear to be the perfectly beyond doubt get downing points of all cognition. They are once more abandoned, but they constitute a steadfast footing # 8220 ; # 8230 ; to which all our knowledges owe whatever cogency they may possess. # 8221 ; ( 2 ) Mathematics is stated indirectly into protocol statements which are resolved into definite protocol statements which one could explicate precisely, in rule, but with enormous attempt. Knowledge in life and scientific discipline in some sense begins with verification of facts, and the protocol statements stand at the beginning of scientific discipline. In the event that protocol statements would be distinguished by definite logical belongingss, construction, place in the system of scientific discipline, and one would be confronted with the undertaking of really stipulating these belongingss. We find many expoundings which seem to presuppose that through the method of protocol statements, merely those averments are understood that temporally precede the other averments of scientific discipline. This is a affair of the ultimate footing of cognition of world, and it is non sufficient to handle statements of # 8220 ; ideal buildings # 8221 ; ( in a Platonic manner ) but one must concern oneself with existent happenings, with events that take topographic point in clip, and in which the devising of judgements consists, hence with psychic Acts of the Apostless of idea, or physical Acts of the Apostless of speech production or composing. These Acts of the Apostless of judgement are suited for set uping inter-subjectively valid cognition when translated into verbal or written looks. Protocol statements come to be regarded as certain phrases which are non meaningful. When we retrace the way by which we arrive at all our cognition, we ever come up once more the same beginning: centripetal experiences and through the sentiments of other people. On this position protocol statements would be existent occurrences in the universe and would temporally predate the other existent procedures in which the prod uction of an single # 8217 ; s cognition consists. He is non concerned who expressed the right position, but what the right position is. The two positions, that statements register simple informations of observation and stand temporally at the beginning could besides be those that by virtuousness of their construction would hold to represent the logical starting-point of scientific discipline. A.J. Ayer seeks in his article # 8220 ; Verification and Experience # 8221 ; to find the truth or falsity of empirical propositions. The customary reply is that it is their understanding or dissension with world. He draws a differentiation between # 8220 ; # 8230 ; those empirical propositions can be determined by determining the truth or falsity of other propositions, and those whose truth or falsity can be determined straight by observation. # 8221 ; ( 3 ) One can prove an single proposition by set uping the truth or falsity relating to the object of the statement. One may besides infer one cosmopolitan proposition from another, and deduce it by analogy, but one must get at a proposition for which the grounds consists entirely in the truth or falsity of certain remarkable propositions. No affair how many remarkable propositions are established, one is neer entitled to see the cosmopolitan proposition as once and for all verified. Nor does the falseness of one statement negate the cosmopolitan proposition. The logical dissymmetry in the relationship of universal and remarkable propositions that has led some philosophers to follow the possibility of disproof instead than that of confirmation as their standard of empirical significance. Ayer claims philosophers have reached propositions which need non wait upon other propositions for the finding of their truth or falsity, but are such that they can be straight confronted with the given facts. These are called basic propositions. The differentiation between them and other propositions is reasonably legitimate, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; so we may restrict ourselves to inquiries refering the nat ure of basic propositions and the mode in which our finding of their cogency depends upon our experience.† ( 4 ) The legitimacy of the differentiation between basic and other propositions is implicitly acknowledged by philosophers who reject the impression of understanding with world as a standard of truth. Propositions can merely be compared to each other, and can non be compared with world or experience. There is another position of basic propositions, a category of â€Å"protocol propositions.† For a sentence to show a protocol propositions it is necessary that it should incorporate the name or description of an perceiver and some words mentioning to an act of observation. The claims for this signifier have the advantage of giving protocol propositions greater stableness. One can do the truth and falsity of any proposition whatsoever depend upon its compatibility or mutual exclusiveness with other propositions. One frequently does non acknowledge other standard. In th is regard, protocol propositions are non allowed any advantage. A protocol proposition is non one which can be straight verified by observation, for one can deny that this is possible. Other philosophers use the term â€Å"protocol† strictly as a syntactical appellation for a certain gathering of words. â€Å"†¦One attaches such particular significance to the word observation because there is no mistake involved in building sentences of a curious type and ennobling them with the rubric of Protokollsaetze, but it is arbitrary and misleading.† ( 5 ) In other words, protocol propositions are non meaningful, but they are a footing for the foundation of cognition. The quest for cognition and certainty tantrums what we discussed with epistemology. Descartes portions the same desire for certainty in his life as do Ayer and Schlick. Kant # 8217 ; s concluding that all cognition comes into us through centripetal experience applies to Schlick # 8217 ; s ideas about protocol statements being finally determined by our experience and perceptual experience. The positions of Ayer and Schlick interact to a great extent. The protocol proposition is similar to the thought of the protocol statement, because a statement is most frequently non nonsubjective nor true. Both philosophers start from the same topographic point, which is to set up certainty in what they believe, such as Descartes did, and they arrive at the same decision, which is that meaningful address is polluted with sentiment and uncertainness, but that this is the manner in which worlds get their cognition. Descartes discusses the ways in which people get their perceptual experiences, thoug hts, and the # 8220 ; knowledge # 8221 ; they hold for true, which is through centripetal experience, and this is what Ayer and Schlick say. The two differ somewhat in the manner that Schlick bases all statements on conforming to the protocol statement, but Ayer takes a more nonsubjective attack when he discusses the differences between basic propositions and protocol propositions. Both philosophers recognise that protocol statements are based on a construction of words which are restricted in their use, and that they can non pass on an thought efficaciously. They besides both recognise that one may believe that they themselves are right in an thought but may really be false because they hold false perceptual experience. I believe that one may encompass a true thought, in world, one which people can non accept or rebut because they do non cognize it is world, and at the same clip this individual may believe a false thought. Everyone has something to lend, but one beginning is non plenty. I besides believe that truth and falseness is a valid differentiation when discoursing whole truths, but that the construct of good and bad exists in world on a graduated table which linguistic communication frequently causes us to bury, and that if we could spread out our vocabularies to encompass more than the # 8220 ; black and white # 8221 ; terminals of this spectrum, that we would understand this construct better. This would help epistemology because one could spot better between an thought that holds more cogency over a larger image than another, instead than presuming that by tax write-off, they are false and have nil to lend. By # 8220 ; run alonging up # 8221 ; the false propositions by grade, we could be better pointed toward truth. I agree with both philosophers, and with Descartes, that our perceptual experience is something we must look into on and invariably analyse, because necessarily, each of us will keep some truth and some falseness. Bibliography Hanfling, Oswald, Logical Positivism ( New York: Columbia University Press, 1981 ) , p. 24-71. ( I read this book and got some thoughts, but no quotation marks ) Ayer, A.J. ( editor ) , Logical Positivism ( Illinois: Free Press, 1959 ) , p. 209-227 ( Schlick ) , 228-243 ( Ayer ) . 1. Ayer, p. 210 2. Ayer, p. 212 3. Ayer, p. 229 4. Ayer, p. 231 5. Ayer, p. 232

Functional Areas within Asda Essay Example

Functional Areas within Asda Essay If Asda dont change their objectives then they will start to lose capital, customers and market share.  Aims may need to change in order to satisfy the changing needs of the customers e.g. reduction in cost.  Asdas main aim is very unlikely to transform unless the vision and the focus of the whole business changes. This could happen if the owner is changed or the company is struggling in the market. How Swift Supplies ownership could change  Swift Supplies has been a sole trader since it started off in the year 2000 and it has been expanding since so the chance of it changing into another ownership is very likely.  There are a lot of factors that may affect Swift Supplies status of ownership.  If Swift Supplies do decide to change they may change into a LTD to get limited liability and get a basic idea of shares being sold and bought privately so that they have the experience if they want to change into a PLC. They may change into a partnership if the competition is too strong or its too hard to manage a business on by one person.  Swift Supplies is run by one person but he has four staff under his employment, three of them are his relatives and if Swift Supplies do form a partnership they might be a partnership of four. This is positive in a lot of ways because they might agree on most things and if they are struggling in money problems they may share money together to save money and survive. We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas within Asda specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas within Asda specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas within Asda specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They could also form a partnership with their competitors to increase market share and earn and share large amounts of profit.  Why Swift Supplies may change their aims and objectives  As Swift Supplies is a small business its aims and objectives dont change a lot because as it doesnt have different departments like Asda but they need to be changed if they are not met properly.  If theyre competitors are earning more then the objectives should be changed or if they have more customers than Swift Supplies.  If Swift Supplies are not meeting customer demand then their objectives may change or if their service towards their customers is not excellent. If theyre product quality falls below standard or if the products are not demanding than the aims and objectives need to be changed.  If theyre staff are using dishonest methods and are stealing from the company then not only the aims and objectives have to be changed but also the staff.  The most important of all is if their profits are decreasing and they are in financial distress than the company has to review all its objectives and win back customer loyalty and trust to earn them profit so they can survive and if they want to carry on running the business. Functional Areas within Asda  Asda is a vast organisation that has functional areas that execute certain functions frequently in relation to their specific purpose.  These functional departments are essential to the business as they set out to complete specific day to day tasks with ease.  A group of employees are stationed in the various different functional departments in relation to their roles and expertise that are applied in each department.  These functional areas are the backbone of large companies as they set out to operate different functions in order to maintain the business operating more efficiently. Asda is architected by a structure of functional areas as they combine together to produce a successful company.  Human Resources  All businesses whether large or small employ people to carry out essential work assigned to them by their superiors or the company owners.  So the Human Resources departments lone function is to employ staff and then look after their needs once they are in the company employment.  Recruitment  Asda like many other successful companies like to employ the most proficient employees in order to benefit from their abilities. Asdas recruiting employees locate a vacancy that needs to be occupied and than they identify the vacancy and decide to put up job descriptions that species which person is required, what skills they need to have and what responsibility they will be taking on.  When this is decided they progress on to advertise that vacancy at an appropriate location, where they predict skilled candidates may discover these vacancies.  When people respond to these job descriptions their CVs are examined by the human resources department and than human resources progresses on to call the selected candidates for interviews. They than select their chosen candidate and than in an appropriate manner notify the unsuccessful candidates.  Retention  When Asda has excellent employees they prefer them at their service for as long as possible or they would have to employ and retrain new staff which would be costly.  Human resources are responsible for analysing staff turnover-this is the rate at which staff departs the organisation. There might be a lot of factors that affect staff leaving Asda; human resources have to investigate their reasons for leaving.  Asda attempts to have fair and competitive terms and conditions of employment which not only suit the employee but also Asda. These conditions ensure that employees are paid at a reasonable rate in relation to their job, given holiday privileges and sick pay.  Asda ensures that these conditions are fair on employees and are similar to Asdas competitors to avoid conflict. Disciplinary Action  When employees start becoming a liability at the workplace, human resources try to take immediate disciplinary action to stop and prevent it from happening again.  The first action is to give a verbal warning to the employee but if the problem persists a written warning is also given which shows written proof that states if he/she continues their actions than it will lead them to their own dismissal.  If this warning is ignored than the employee is given a straightforward dismissal by human resources.

Geographic and Environmental Factors Essays

Geographic and Environmental Factors Essays Geographic and Environmental Factors Paper Geographic and Environmental Factors Paper The early colonists had trouble passing over the Appalachian Mountains due to the extremely difficult environmental conditions that these mountains posed. The early colonists had to endure harsh and brutal surroundings (that they often didnt survive) in order to be able to reach the other side. The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel as it forms a series of alternating rigidness and oriented in opposition to any road running east-west (Wisped, 2013). This cross- mountain trek was imperative in order for early settlers to migrate westward and thus expand the united States. As a consequence of the serve conditions, the Appalachian Mountains kept westward expansion from occurring at a faster pace and is actually one of the reasons why colonies developed more rapidly in the east while the west came to be seen as a hostile territory by most colonists. This all changed with the discovery of Cumberland Gap. On the boards of the U. S. States Kentucky[->2], and Virginia[->3] is Cumberland Gap which is a pass through the Appalachian Mountains. : The moment colonists discovered the Cumberland Gap turned out to be an essential time in American history. With the formation of the United States, an important first phase of westward expansion in the late 18th century and early 19th century consisted of the migration of European-descended settlers westward across the mountains into the Ohio Valley through the Cumberland Gap and other mountain passes (Wisped, 2013). Even though the fact that the Cumberland Gap was guarded by Native American tribes when it was first discovered did not deter the westward bound migrants. This pass through the Appalachian Mountains was nonetheless proof that expansion westward was to as difficult as it had been previously and then the floodgates were opened to the migration of the colonists. It is estimated that between 200,000 and 300,000 migrants passed through the gap on their way into Kentucky[->4] and the Ohio before 1 810 (Wisped, 2013). The second environmental or physical geographic factors that contributed to the development or expansion of the United States were the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Although many colonists wanted to go farther west, after finally making it to the other side of the Appalachian Mountains, in order to reach he Pacific Coast, some realized that the mid-west region of the United States represented an intriguing location. The area consisted of valuable nutrient rich lands that could be used in growing large areas of grain and raising of livestock. Concomitantly, colonists were impressed with the fact that they could also utilize the Mississippi and Ohio rivers for transportation fifths grown agriculture, for transportation of people, and for food for their tables. The colonists took into account that they could provide basic necessities for numerous individuals and multiple usages by monopolizing the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. By the sass, cotton, grain, pork, and other agricultural products floated down the Mississippi River to the citys docks. The rise of the steamboat brought trade upriver and opened the Midwest to settlers and goods (River Towns, River Networks, 2012). Settlers thus expanded long these rivers and built settlements. The Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, and other rivers knit together the American nation over the course of a century. In an era before widespread highways and railroads, the farms and industries of the Midwest poured their goods downriver to markets around the world (River Towns, River Networks, 2012). This made it possible for the colonies to experience rapid expansion westward and for colonists to significantly contribute to the development and expansion of the Un tied States. The geographical and environmental factors such as the Appalachian Mountains with its Cumberland Gap and factors such as the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois rivers have significantly contributed to the development and expansion of the United States. The geographical features of the Appalachian are extremely important because of the literal barrier and roadblock that these mountains originally posed to be and then once Cumberland Gap was discovered it literally opened a floodgate to the westward expansion of America. The major river systems of the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois rivers made possible the growth, development, and facilitated the explanation of the U. S. Because, People followed waterways, from canals to great rivers, to build businesses, communities, and new lives (River Towns, River Networks, 201 2) The most significant environmental or physical geographic factors that contributed to the development of the history and culture of the, Mesopotamia civilization is inextricably connected to the ebb and flow of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Krebs, 2006). History shows that a citys or a civilizations geographic position always plays an important part in its ability to thrive and grow. The area of Mesopotamia neighboring the Euphrates and Tigris rivers provided people with the opportunity to settle in the territory and to build one of the most complex civilizations that existed until that time. In fact, the Mesopotamia civilization is responsible for establishing, developing, and implementing such things as higher social thinking, original agricultural technological methods, and development. This society is responsible and known as the birthplace of civilization; the original place for such things as religion, art, literature, science judicial order, agriculture and so much more. The most significant environmental and physical geographic factors that contributed to the development of the civilization of Mesopotamia were the Tigris-Euphrates river system. Because of its proximity and placement near these rivers, the society developed and grew primarily into a thriving agricultural society. As the muddy Tigris-?Euphrates river system flooded and receded, their silt built a plain with rich soil, ideal for agriculture in which this society of Mesopotamia flourished and capitalized on. Agriculture, thanks to the construction of irrigation ditches, became the primary method of subsistence (for Mesopotamia). Farming was further simplified by the introduction of the plow (Krebs, 2006). Because the rivers provided the environment ideal for agriculture, the Mesopotamia society developed into a rich, prosperous, and influential civilization that passed these developments on to other societys and groups of people. As humans, We are shaped by the world around us. The food we eat, the clothes we wear, even the languages we speak all have a connection to the geography of the world around us. From the first civilizations and cultures throughout history to our world today, people and their environments form complex relationships that can have a profound influence on every aspect of our lives (Geography and Development: Diffusion of Human Societies, 2006-2012). Some of the most important tools in history were first developed in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians were the civilization of people who lived in ancient Mesopotamia and developed tools for a variety of projects, from farming to fighting to transportation (Gabriel, 1999-2013). Through cultural diffusion over time these tools, such as the plow, and other agricultural concepts from the Mesopotamia society reached other regions. An area that these agricultural tools migrated to was the Nile River area (later known as Egypt) by migrations f people through different methods like trade routes and other cultural diffusion methods. Early tribal peoples migrated to the Nile River where they developed a settled agricultural economy and more centralized society (Egypt, 2012). The evolution of these concepts, tools, and knowledge were a significant to the development and growth of, first, the Mesopotamia society and then later the Nile River regions and societies. From there the agricultural concepts and ideas were then carried, spread, and diffused throughout the world.

E-Business security in your organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Business security in your organisation - Essay Example It has over 3 million accounts, a quarter of which are active, and has total assets of $61 million (e-gold 4). For a decade-long company, it has not grown much compared to the largest online payment system, Paypal, which claims to do $60 million worth of transactions daily. e-gold transactions are 100 percent backed by metal deposits and are not reversible, which means that unlike credit card transactions, once a transaction is made there is no possibility that it can be cancelled. e-gold can be used to pay for transactions over other merchant websites and makes its money from maintenance fees that range up to 1 percent of the total transaction amount. Based on personal experience, the website is easy to use, getting an account is fast, and the fees are reasonable. The website (www.e-gold.com) is open 24/7 so account holders can transact anytime and anywhere. Users avail of e-gold for several types of transactions. They can have funds transferred to their e-gold account, and then have it transferred to a bank account in any currency using a reliable third party site like OmniPay or The Gold Shop. A user does this by simply logging on to a personal e-gold account, "spend" the desired amount (say, $1,000 worth of e-gold) into OmniPay, take note of the spend batch number issued for the transaction, log out of e-gold, log in to OmniPay, and fill up a bank transfer form with instructions to OmniPay to transfer the $1,000 that was "spent" or sold less fees to any bank account anywhere in the world. The funds take anywhere from two to five days to reach the bank account. Users normally tested the system by transferring small amounts, and when it worked they began moving bigger amounts of money. When someone anywhere in the world wants to pay an e-gold account holder, they give instructions to pay via e-gold by buying the e-currency and "spending" the amount to the user's account. The user can check his or her e-gold account from anywhere, even from a hot spot on a beach resort in the French Riviera, so they will know whether the payments have gone through or the funds have been transferred to the specified bank account. The user can then do transactions from there. This writer has been using e-gold for over a year now, and is happy with the service. This is the reason why this analysis on e-business security was done on this company, which has been only too happy to oblige and share information with me for this paper. Choosing the Standard One problem with selecting a standard to evaluate the e-business security issues of a merchant website is that there are too many standards to choose from. The main reason is simple: the chosen standard becomes a cash flow machine for the firm that develops it. There are several companies like Verisign, Oracle, IBM, and a host of other for-profit and not-for-profit institutions known by their acronyms: SEI, IETF, NIST, W3C, SAI, ISACA. The list is seemingly endless. The Europe-based International Organization of Standards is known for its ISO standards, the more famous of which are the ISO 9000 series used by companies to document their total quality management programs (Arnold 15). The letters ISO/IEC prefix its standards, which are adopted in both the U.S. and Europe. The British Standards Institute (BSI) is a similar organization that has several years of experience developing working standards for many industries. For these